Browsing by Subject "juomateollisuus"
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(2022)Early detection of microbial contamination is the key issue for minimizing quality deviations in the beverage industry. Strict standard of process hygiene is one of the best guarantee for the production of microbiologically safe products. The aim of this thesis was to study the efficiency of CIP (cleaning in place) washes, the development of product residues and microbial counts during production cycle, and the surface cleanliness at different points in the production chain at target company beverage plants. In the thesis the microbiological hygiene of the CIP rinse samples from five production lines were studied by using traditional culture methods and ATP measurements. Analyzes of product rinsing samples were used to model the development of product residues and microbial counts during production cycle. Microbiological analyzes of the bottled products were conducted according to standard quality control practices using the filtration and/or pipetting method. A selective DRBC medium was also tested in the analytics of aquatic samples and end products with high microbiological risk. The microbiological cleanliness of critical process surfaces was determined by ATP measurement and Hygicult TPC hygiene test. The results revealed that the deviations observed in the microbiological cultures of the CIP rinse samples were not reflected in the ATP measurement or in the end product analyzes. According to ATP measurements of the CIP rinse samples, 95.7% of the samples were acceptable. Based on the cultivation results, the microbiological quality of the end products was at a good level, which acts as an indicator of the success of CIP wash and hygiene practices. Either there was no significant microbiological growth on Hygicult TPC plates used to test surface cleanliness. On the other hand, organic product residues were detected with ATP measurements during the production, which needs to be taken into account when optimizing hygiene practices. Overall, the process hygiene of the target company is at a good level. However, based on the results of the study, there was no clear relationship between traditional cultivation methods and the ATP method. The bioluminescence technology is not a substitute for microbiological cultivation method, but it is a valid method for monitoring process hygiene to indicate total organic contamination of the target. In a further research it would be beneficial to determine the natural ATP concentration of the raw water used by the target company to facilitate interpretation of RLU values in water samples.
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(2019)The aim of this thesis was to study and develop the process hygiene of the new R1 bottling line at Altia Rajamäki alcoholic beverage plant. The products bottled on the line are mainly low- and non-alcoholic beverages that have limited amount of previously studied knowledge about the efficiency of hygienic practices of their production. In addition, the microbiological quality of the products’ raw materials was studied, and an attempt was made to identify the microbes occurring in the products and on the production line. The literature review deals with the legislation of food industry and the microbiological risks related to various types of beverages and their processing. In the experimental part of the thesis the microbiological hygiene of the bottling process was studied by collecting samples from the surfaces of the bottling line using mainly the microbiological swabbing method. The microbiological analyses of the bottled products were conducted by filtering the sample to a filter paper. Various culture mediums and antibiotics were also tested to identify the bacteria from yeasts and molds. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the bacteria frequently occurring in the analyses. DNA isolation and PCR were conducted at the University of Helsinki and the gene sequencing was carried out by the Institute of Biotechnology. Sequence alignment was made using BLAST. The public version of the thesis lacks the confidential information which is provided only for Altia Oyj. Based on the results, the process hygiene of the R1 bottling line is sufficient in case the hygienic practices are followed. No significant microbiological growth was observed in the process hygiene samples. However, endospore producing bacteria were found in the products and these bacteria were presumed to originate from the raw materials of the products or from storage tanks and pipelines of these raw materials. Four bacterial genera, which frequently occurred in the products, were successfully identified. Nevertheless, based on the literature, it was noticed that these bacteria are not able to spoil alcoholic beverages nor to grow in the conditions of bottled products. However, some of these bacteria can substantially form biofilm.
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