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Browsing by Subject "palkoviljat"

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  • Herneen (Lathyrus oleraceus Lam.) vaikutus hiuesavimaan dityppioksidiemissioihin hernettä sisältävissä monivuotisissa viljelykierroissa 2020–2022 
    Härkönen, Toni (2024)
    Aim of this thesis was to study the quantity of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from pea in a multiple-year experiment in Haltiala, Helsinki, in growing seasons 2020–2022 in Leg4Life project’s field trial (2020–2024). The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. There were ten (10) different treatments including one (1) fallow. Treatments were different pea crop rotations with fertilized monoculture grown pea (20 kg N ha-1) and fertilized monoculture grown oat (90 kg N ha-1) as a control treatments. Treatments were 1 (fallow – fallow – fallow), 2 (pea 20– pea 20 – pea 20), 3 (oat 90 – oat 90 – oat 90), 4 (pea 20 – spring wheat 90 – pea 20), 5 (pea-rapeseed 20–20 – oat 0 – pea 20), 6 (pea-rapeseed 20–20 – oat 90 – pea 20), 7 (pea 20 – winter wheat 90 – rapeseed 90), 8 (pea 20 – rapeseed 0 – spring wheat 90), 9 (pea 20 – rapeseed 90 – spring wheat 90) and 10 (pea 20 – oat 90 – rapeseed 90). Nitrogen fertilization levels were either 20, 40 or 90 kg ha-1. Gas emission samples were measured in field from closed chambers by taking three samples in 20 minutes interval from treatments 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9. Samples were analysed in gas chromatograph. Statistical analyses were made by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistically significant differences in means were located by using a t-test (LSD) Results were not statistically different from each other except fallow (treatment 1) in 2020 and spring wheat (treatment 8) in 2022 which caused statistically significant higher N2O-emissions compared to other treatments. Cumulative N2O-emissions from three years were not statistically different from each other except treatment 8 (pea 20 – rapeseed 0 – spring wheat 90), which differed all other crop rotation treatments but not treatment 1 (fallow – fallow – fallow). Cultivation of pea did not cause significantly higher N2O-emissions than oat or spring wheat. Catch crop did not have effect on emissions either. Dry matter and nitrogen yield-scaled N2O-emissions from pea treatments were not significantly higher when compared to other treatments except in 2021 when dry matter yield-scaled N2O-emissions from pea (treatment 2, pea 20) were significantly higher than those in oats (treatments 3, 5 and 6, oat 90, oat 0 and oat 90). Dry matter yield-scaled N2O-emissions were 1.0 and 0.3 g N2O-N kg-1 aboveground biomass respectively.
  • Orgaanisen lannoitteen ja väkilannoitteen sisältämän rikin vaikutus herneen sadonmuodostukseen 
    Kulmala, Noora (2022)
    Domesticity and the highest possible degree of domestication of food have attracted more and more people over the last couple of years. The protein solvency ratio is only 15% in Finland. Legumes are an important part of feeding in domestic animal production, but the use as a human food is also increasing. Because of the increasing use of protein, it would be important to take a note of the amount of sulfur in fertilizers. The sulfur affects plant growth directly through photosynthesis and the amount of chlorophyll. Plant growth, in turn, affects crop formation. The purpose of this thesis was to research the effect of sulfur on the yield formation of peas (Pisum sativum L.) and thereby on the yield level using an organic fertilizer or a mineral fertilizer. The study was conducted as field experiment during summer 2020 in Southwest Finland in cooperation with Biolan's contract farms and HKScan. In the field experiment, peas were cultivated, fertilized with either organic Novarbon Arvo 3-1-15-5 granular fertilizer made from chicken manure, or YaraMila Y3 (23-3-8-3) mineral fertilizer prepared by Yara. Novarbo Arvo is designed as a protein crop fertilizer due to the addition of potassium sulphate as well as YaraMila Y3. During the growing season, the SPAD value of the crops was measured and the dry matter (%), moisture content (%), biomass, nitrogen and sulfur content and yield components were determined six times. In addition, the protein content, moisture content (%), dry matter (%) and fresh weight were determined from a sample taken from the seeds in the yield. Protein crops need sulfur for their growth and for the formation of crop components. The results showed that sulfur affects the SPAD value, the sulfur content of the plant, and the nitrogen content in the crops during the growing season. The decrease in the sulfur content in the crop affects the decrease in the SPAD value and the nitrogen content. The SPAD value correlates with photosynthesis and nitrogen content. The organic fertilizer released nutrients more slowly than the mineral fertilizer, which was reflected in more steady growth of organic fertilized crops. In addition, the higher sulfur content of the organic fertilizer increased the SPAD value, sulfur content, and nitrogen content during the growing season. The amount of fertilizer sulfur can affect the sulfur content of pea crops. The higher sulfur content during the growing season resulted in a higher protein content in the seeds. The yield of peas with the organic fertilizer was slightly lower than the mineral fertilizer, but the protein content of the seeds was higher. The organic fertilizer granules proved to be a viable fertilizer alternative alongside the mineral fertilizer.

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