Browsing by discipline "Skogsekonomi och marknadsföring"
Now showing items 41-60 of 94
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(2020)The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of Virtual Reality (VR) in education using three forest-related massive open online course (MOOC) environments. This study utilizes digital platforms (MOOC), digital outputs (teaching tools) and new emerging technologies (VR) in forestry education. The paper presents the University of Helsinki's MOOC "Finnish Forest” and investigates how different display in content can contribute to a student’s learning results, experience, engagement and word of mouth (WOM). In addition, this study focuses on learning results and learning experiences to determine what kind of content should be presented in VR and if there are correlations between experience, engagement and WOM. This study is conducted as an experiment in three Finnish high schools. For this study, 107 students were assigned to one of the three learning environments: 1) text and photos, 2) text and 360-desktop, and 3) 360 VR environment. The theoretical background was provided by several studies on Virtual Reality (VR) and e-learning, as well as other related theories. The study is conducted in exploratory nature combining mixed methods, both qualitative and quantitative data. The post-test questionnaire was used to collect information of the experiment and to measure learning and learning experience and other variables among high school students. The results show how differing approaches in providing content can contribute to a student’s learning results, experience, engagement and WOM. The results indicate that 360-desktop environment received significantly higher learning results than other MOOC learning environments and thus the 360-laptop environment may promote learning within the context of MOOCs. On the other hand, the results imply that VR environment does not support learning in a traditional learning environment and adapting a VR technology to educational purposes should be done with careful familiarization and consideration. However, no other statistical significance was found that would have an impact on learning results or how students shared their experiences. Instead, a small tech-savvy group of students was found who likes new 360 technologies in their studies, but surprisingly, there was an even larger group that opposed the technology. The same observations could be made regarding the VR learning environment. In conclusion, new teaching technologies should be offered deliberately based on voluntary participation, providing students with new ways of learning and an opportunity to customize their learning. In addition, the results suggest that VR environment provides poor learning results when teaching content and methods are adopted from the conventional environments. This suggests designing completely new course designs when adopting VR in teaching.
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(2020)Many countries and international organizations have identified the bioeconomy as one of the key factors in addressing many global challenges. The aim of this study is to increase our understanding of the societal aspects of the bioeconomy by exploring the bioeconomy perceptions of Finnish forestry students. The study examines students' assessments of how the development of the forest-based bioeconomy would affect different forest sector stakeholders and employment opportunities. In addition, students' views on the bioeconomy teaching in their own universities are discussed. The data for the study were collected in early 2019 using an online questionnaire. 89 students started responding to the survey, but 59 completed questionnaires. Data analyzes was performed by quantitative methods using the SPSS software. The statistical methods used in the study were analysis of variance, t-test and Fisher's exact test. According to the results, students' perceptions of the effects of development of the forest-based bioeconomy are positive for the researched topics. Students have a clear view that the development of the bioeconomy will bring more positive changes to the different stakeholders than negative ones. Students believe that the biggest winner of the forest-based bioeconomy’s progression will be industry and the business world. Master level, doctorate level, and students farther along in their studies seem to have a more trust in positive changes. The development of the bioeconomy was also believed to improve future employment opportunities and help in pursuing one's dream job. Most of the respondents have dealt with bioeconomy topics in their own universities relatively often. Nonetheless, dissatisfaction with the sufficiency of teaching is present and many students want to address bioeconomy more. Particularly those who have studied for longer seem to be in favor of more teaching. Previously, only a few studies have reviewed bioeconomy perceptions of future professionals. Those studies have approached the subject from different angles and have been made in other countries. According to the results of this study, students seem to have positive expectations of the development of the forest-based bioeconomy. The relatively low number of respondents should be considered when examining the results.
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(2018)During the last years renewable energy sources have risen to very important role. As countries in European and global scale are trying to fulfil the targets of international agreements, such as Kyoto protocol and Paris agreement. Targets in reducing the amount of greenhouse gases and increasing the use of renewable energy sources are achieved in many ways. In Finland the forest energy and wood based energy sources have become the most important way in reaching these goals. Also, reduction of fossil fuel has a significant role in ongoing change in energy production. As use of fossil fuels is aiming to be substituted by renewable alternatives. This thesis is based on published literature, articles, research reports and research results. Aim of this thesis is to pay attention to the use of forest energy in Finland and the topics closely related to this area. Use of forest energy is closely related to many important global issues. Such as climate change and prevention of climate change. Therefore, the topic is very important at the current situation, and this thesis aims to give a comprehensive overview of the forest energy as a whole, at the moment in Finland. The increment of forest energy and use of wood based energy sources still have many unclear questions and uncertainties. For example, nutrient loss in soil when biomass is harvested from the forest has still need to be paid more attention to. At the moment the use of forest energy, specially the use of wood chips, is heavily subsidized, which is causing disturbances at the markets. One of the most important features related to forest energy as a topic is the total overall climate effects of using the forest based energy. So far there have been wide range of opinions on the climate effects and carbon neutrality on the use of using forest biomass in energy sector. However, forest energy should not be seen as carbon neutral, because current climate effects diverge a lot from zero. Neutrality can be achieved in very long run but current effects are negative
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(2019)The aim of this study is to find out how well the forest properties located in the regions of Pirkanmaa and Central Finland fit into the investment portfolio in order to reduce the risk. The research is based on Harry Markowitz's modern portfolio theory. In this study, an efficient frontier and a minimum variance portfolio are formed from three different investment alternatives. Portfolio investment options in this study are forest properties, shares and interest. Previous studies focusing on forest placement show that the return on forest investments is rather weak compared to equity investments, and forest investment itself is not very profitable. However, the research also indicates that the returns on forest investments are poorly correlated with equity investments, and therefore they fit into the investment portfolio to diversify the risk. The data used in the study were historical statistics on forest properties, shares and interest between years 1991 and 2018. For each investment option, the average return and the standard deviation of the return were calculated from historical returns. In addition, covariances and correlations between investment alternatives were calculated. Based on this information, a minimal variance portfolio and an efficient frontier were created using Excel's Solver. Comparison of the minimum variance portfolio and efficient frontier´s portfolios wages concluded how well forest property investments fit into the portfolio in order to reduce its risk. The study found that the correlation coefficient between forest property investments and shares has been negative in the period 1991–2018. In addition, the share of forest properties in the efficient frontier portfolios was significant at most risk levels: with 9,5 percent risk level, forest properties wage in portfolio was 70 percent. These results led to the conclusion that forest properties located in the provinces of Pirkanmaa and Central Finland were able to diversify and reduce the risk of the portfolio.
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(2019)The purpose of this study was to evaluate the digital skills of finnish forest entrepreneurs and the use of digital services in their operations. The aim was to find out which digital services these entrepreneurs are using now and the possible obstacles to the use of new digital services. In addition, the study explored the learning needs of entrepreneurs and their attitudes towards e-learning. The research was a part of the Forest Business Innovation and Advancement (FOBIA) project, which aims to improve the competitiveness of small forest companies in remote areas of Finland, Sweden, Scotland and Ireland. The project partners in Finland are Luonnonvarakeskus, Työtehoseura ry (TTS), Riveria and Tietohippu Oy. The material used in the study was collected from forest entrepreneurs by email questionnaire in April 2018. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail to the members of Koneyrittäjien liitto and Metsäalan asiantutkijat ry. The survey reached about 1250 entrepreneurs and received 73 approved responses. The response rate to the survey was about 6 %. Research method was descriptive analysis. The results suggest that the use of digital equipment and services by forest entrepreneurs are still relatively low. General devices and services, such as e-mail and smartphones, are used by almost all respondents, but the use of other digital services and devices is very low. However, there is a positive attitude towards digitalization and e-learning. Entrepreneurs are interested to use new services as part of their business and learn more. However, many of them still have barriers that slow down the introduction of new electronic services and functions. About one fifth of the entrepreneurs had a negative net profit so there is lot to improve.
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(2017)The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of using a customer profitability model to measure the value of a forest owner customer to a wood supply company. In the target organization of this study, a wood supply company x, a decision to invest in a certain customer is mainly based on the opinions of the account managers. However, except using their own instinct, the account managers have hardly any tools available to support their decisions. In addition to creating a customer profitability model, there was also the purpose to examine the possible benefits this model could have for the different functions of the wood supply company x. This research was made in collaboration with the wood supply company x. Three account managers and four different management officials from the wood supply company x were interviewed for this study. These semi-structured interviews formed the main part of the data. In addition, some data was collected concerning the annual wood transactions of a certain account manager. The purpose of this was to illustrate the importance of allocating the costs when measuring the value of a customer. The value of a customer cannot only be based on customer satisfaction, for example, but specifically on customer profitability for the company. In order to measure customer value, a customer profitability model was developed: the customer profitability model consists of the volume, the costs, and the future potential of a forest owner customer. By using the customer profitability model the company should segment its customers and create guidelines to maximize their value. Thus far, the wood supply company x has not managed its customers systematically. The customer profitability model formed in this master’s thesis provides a good tool for categorizing customers and managing them systematically. A challenging aspect for the model are the small forest owner customers due to their low amount of transactions. Therefore, the implementation of this model should begin with the biggest and most important forest owner customers.
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(2018)Puunhankintayritykset haluavat aktivoida asiakkaitaan myymään puuta ja ostamaan metsäpalveluita aiempaa enemmän. Paine puun käytön lisäämiseksi tulee Suomessa teollisuuden lisäksi myös uskosta biotalouden merkitykseen jatkossa. Tämän tutkimuksen päätavoite oli selvittää millaisia monikanava- ja myyntiargumenttiyhdistelmiä puunhankintayrityksen kannattaa käyttää asiakkaidensa aktivoinnissa. Mukautuva, peräkkäisten markkinointiviestien käyttö ja asenteisiin vaikuttavat myyntiargumentit sekä metsänomistajatutkimukset muodostavat taustan tutkimuksen pohjalle. Tämän tutkimuksen koeasetelmassa metsänomistaja-asiakkaita aktivoitiin markkinointikampanjassa kahdella eri kanava- ja myyntiargumenttiyhdistelmällä. Peräkkäisissä yhteydenotoissa käytettiin eri myyntiargumentteja (hyöty ja tunne) uutiskirjemarkkinoinnissa ja soitettiin uutiskirjeiden avanneille asiakkaille hyöty-aiheisia myyntipuheluita. Tutkimusaineistot koostuivat aktivointikampanjan tuloksista ja asiakkaiden tyytyväisyydestä, sekä kohderyhmän taustatekijöistä. Kvantitatiivista aineistoa analysoitiin tilastollisesti SPSS 24.0 -ohjelmalla käyttäen ristiintaulukointia ja Khiin neliö -testiä sekä varianssianalyysiä. Tulokset osoittivat kohonnutta todennäköisyyttä siitä, että hyöty-myyntiargumenttien toisto peräkkäisessä markkinoinnissa aktivoi tehokkaammin asiakkaita tehokkaammin joko jättämään jatkoyhteydenottopyynnön tai päättämään keskustelun nopeammin. Tunne-uutiskirjeen ja hyöty-aiheisen myyntipuhelun yhdistelmän käytöllä havaittiin kohonnut todennäköisyys keskustelujen määrän lisääntymisestä, mutta ei metsään liittyvän jatkoyhteydenottopyynnön tekemisestä. Tässä tutkimuksessa kohderyhmää olivat kaupunkilaismetsänomistajat. Lisäksi selvisi, että isompien metsätilojen omistajat aktivoituivat kampanjassa useammin verrattuna pienien metsätilojen omistajiin. Myyntipuheluista noin joka kolmas tuotti jatkoyhteydenottopyynnön ja tavoitetut metsänomistajat olivat tyytyväisiä kampanjan aktiivisiin yhteydenottoihin. Tutkimuksen tuloksena löydettiin toimintatapaehdotuksia markkinointikampanjoiden suunnitteluun olemassa olevien asiakkaiden aktivoimiseksi.
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(2017)Metsäteollisuuden raaka-aineen hankinnassa sopimusasiakkaat ovat asiakasryhmä, jolta met-säteollisuusyritys hankkii tasaisesti ja ennakoitavasti raaka-aineita tehtailleen. Sopimusasiak-kaiden määrää halutaan lisätä tehtaiden puuhuollon varmistamiseksi. Tutkimukseni tarkoitus oli selvittää metsänomistajien kokemuksia metsäteollisuusyrityksen sopimusasiakkuudesta ja syitä siihen, miksi metsänomistajat ovat tulleet metsäteollisuusyrityksen sopimusasiakkaiksi. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin teemahaastatteluilla Etelä-Suomen hankinta-alueen metsänhoi-tosopimusasiakkaista. Haastatteluaineiston analysointimenetelmänä oli sisältöanalyysi, jossa litteroiduista haastatteluista etsittiin samankaltaisuuksia ja vastauksia ryhmiteltiin sen mu-kaan. Haastattelun teemoissa käsiteltiin metsänomistajien metsänomistajuutta sekä kokemuk-sia sopimusasiakkaille tarjotuista palveluista, kuten sähköisiä palveluista, taloudellisista eduista ja sijoitusmahdollisuuksista, toimenpide-ehdotuksista tai sopimusasiakkaan vastuu-henkilöistä. Haastatellut metsänomistajat ovat tulleet sopimusasiakkaaksi palveluiden helppouden, luotet-tavuuden ja taloudellisten etujen vuoksi. Taustapiirteiltään sopimusasiakkaat erosivat keski-määräisestä suomalaisesta metsänomistajasta suuremman metsäpinta-alan ja alemman keski-ikänsä vuoksi. Sopimusasiakkaat ovat aineiston perusteella metsäteollisuusyritykselle asiakas-uskollinen ryhmä, sillä heillä on hyvin vähän yhteistyötä kilpailevien yritysten kanssa.
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(2016)This research focused on how the forest owners’ background and the characteristics of the forest property owned by he/she affect the owners’ activeness in the management of his/her forest property. Finnish Forest Centre (Suomen metsäkeskus) provided the data for the research. This data included only the forest owners who had owned their property for over 10 years. These owners were divided into two groups. The first group, which was named quiet forest owners, included the owners who had not sold wood or had not applied for forest improvement subsidies during the past 10 years. The second group, which was named active forest owners, included the owners who had either sold wood or applied for forest improvement subsidies or done both during the past 10 years. In accordance with the presupposition, the main conclusion was that the reasons for inactiveness are numerous. In any case, owners in the quiet group were more often women and had a higher average age compared to the owners in the active group. In addition, a quiet owner owned on average less forest properties and a smaller average acreage. According to the three distinct logistic regression models, which were fitted to the data, the probability of the forest owner’s quietness decreased as the number of properties and acreage he/she owned increased. Forest properties located in Northern-Finland were more probably categorized as quiet than those located in other parts of the country. The models also indicated that the length of the ownership or the sex of the owner were insignificant in determining the probability of quietness. Although the sex of the owner was significant in only one of the three models.
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(2016)Solutions to mitigate climate change are continuously sought, and one of the most considerable way is to increase carbon seques-tration in forests. Climate impact of Finnish forests has been positive over the last ten years but carbon sequestration is possible to further increase. In Finland, most of the forests are privately owned, so the addition of carbon sequestration requires changes in forest management to support carbon sequestration. The study examines the Helsinki metropolitan area private forest owners’ attitude to increase carbon sequestration in their own forests. Attitude is considered from the perspective of forest owners’ percep-tions on climate change, the importance of forest ownership, and acceptability of the various possible ways to increase carbon sequestration. The data was collected between November and December 2015 by thematic interviews (n = 15) of the Pääkau-punkiseudun metsänomistajat ry (PKMO) members. Forest owners’ attitude to increase carbon sequestration in their own forests was favorable but the majority consider compensation as the most important condition for participation. Forest owners could be divided into four types concerning their views on storing carbon in their own forests. Forest owners’ willingness to participate is influenced by their knowledge of the link between climate change and forests, the factors related to owners and their parcels, as well as to acceptability of possible policy instruments and programs. In terms of political guidance, it is important to provide flexible and cost-effective ways to increase carbon sequestration in private forests. Designing political instruments, the potential link between economic incentives and increasing awareness should be taken into account. In addition, the aim of political instruments is to primarily reach potentials, because pioneers are already taking measures to sequester carbon in their forests. Deniers are able to get involved in carbon sequestration by offering various ways to increase carbon sequestration as well as compensation that is equivalent to the lost in timber sales revenue. From the perspective of political guidance, the most problematic forest owners to reach in carbon sequestration programs are indifferent owners.
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(2020)Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen taustalla on kaupungistumisen mukanaan tuomat rakenteelliset muutokset. Metsänomistajat ikääntyvät ja eläköityvät kasvavaa vauhtia ja muuttavat kaupunkeihin tai taajama-alueisiin palvelujen perässä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää keinoja tavoittaa suomalaiset yksityismetsänomistajat ja saada heidät kiinnostumaan metsävarallisuutensa hoidosta tässä vallitsevassa muutoksessa. Markkinoinnin päämääränä on aktivoida metsänomistajia ja sopia jatkoyhteydenotto toimeksiantajan metsäammattilaisen kanssa. Keskeisiä tutkimuskysymyksiä on kaksi. ¹Miten metsänomistajan asuinpaikka, sukupuoli ja tilan koko vaikuttavat metsänomistajapalveluiden markkinoinnin tehokkuuteen käyttäen viestintäkanavina henkilökohtaista puhelinsoittoa sekä postitse lähetettävää markkinointikirjettä sekä ²miten asenteet, subjektiivinen normi ja käyttäytymisen hallittavuus vaikuttavat pääkaupunkiseutulaisten metsänomistajien metsänhoidolliseen aktiivisuuteen ja käyttäytymisaikomukseen myyntihakkuiden tekemistä kohtaan? Tutkimuksessa käytetty aineisto on peräisin Suomen Metsäkeskukselta. Aineisto koostuu metsänomistajista, joiden tilakoko on vähintään 50 hehtaaria, eikä heillä ole entuudestaan asiakkuussuhdetta toimeksiantaneeseen yritykseen. Kerättyä aineistoa analysoidaan kahdessa osassa. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa vertaillaan postitse lähetettyjen kirjeiden, puheluiden ja näiden yhdistelmän vaikuttavuutta metsänomistajien aktivointiin. Tutkimuksen toisessa osassa rajataan tarkastelu ainoastaan pääkaupunkiseudulla asuviin metsänomistajiin. Pääkaupunkiseudulla asuville metsänomistajille lähetetään kysely, josta koostettavaa aineistoa analysoidaan suunnitellun toiminnan teoriaa hyödyntäen. Metsänomistajien aktivointikampanja pitää sisällään 6276 lähetettyä kirjettä sekä 1782 puhelimitse tavoiteltua metsätilan omistajaa ympäri Suomea. Näistä kahdesta puhelinsoitto on vaikuttavuudeltaan selkeästi tehokkaampi. Pääkaupunkiseudulla asuvat metsänomistajat osoittautuivat vaikeammiksi tavoittaa ja he myös tarttuvat tilaisuuteen tehdä yhteistyötä harvemmin. Miehet yleisesti ovat kiinnostuneempia yhteistyöstä, kuten aikaisemmastakin tutkimuksesta on käynyt ilmi ja tilakoko vaikuttaa keskimäärin myönteisesti metsänomistajien kiinnostukseen yhteistyötä kohden. Markkinointikirjeen ja puhelinsoiton yhdistäminen osana monikanavaista markkinointia ei tuottanut yhdistettynä parempia tuloksia. Kyselytutkimuksen vastaanotti 681 metsänomistajaa. Näistä metsänomistajista kyselyyn vastasi 150. Pääkaupunkiseudulla asuvien metsänomistajien aikomus teettää myyntihakkuita on suhteellisen korkea seuraavan viiden vuoden sisällä. Asenteiden osalta hakkuiden teettämiseen vaikutti puutavaralajien hintojen lisäksi myyntihakkuiden vaikutus metsämaisemaan ja virkistyskäyttömahdollisuuksiin. Rahantarpeen ja myyntihakkuiden tekoaikomuksen välillä on myös selvä yhteys. Subjektiivisen normin osalta perheenjäsenten näkemys hakkuiden tekemisen osalta koettiin myönteiseksi, joka myös vaikutti hakkuidentekoaikomuksiin. Lisäksi tuttavapiirin metsänomistajien mielipiteet otetaan huomioon tehtäessä myyntihakkuita koskevia ratkaisuita. Myyntihakkuiden tekemiseen liittyvään hallittavuuteen vaikuttaa puunostajalta tarjouksen saamisen hankaluus ja vaikuttaa vastaajien myyntihakkuisiin liittyvään käyttäytymisaikomukseen.
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(2019)Metsä on kautta aikojen ollut tärkeä suomalaisille, joten jokaisella suomalaisella on jonkinlainen suhde metsään. Metsäsuhde voi perustua erilaisiin asenteisiin tai kokemuksiin ja se voi muuttua ajan kuluessa. Ympärillä olevien aikuisten sekä lapsille tarjottavien kokemusten on todettu vaikuttavan vahvasti lasten metsäsuhteeseen. Kouluilla on siis suuri rooli lasten metsäsuhteen rakentumisessa. Nykylasten moniarvoinen metsäsuhde on tärkeä tulevaisuuden kannalta, sillä metsään kohdistuu nykyaikana suuri käyttöpaine, joka herättää kysymyksiä metsän käytöstä. Lapset päättävät tulevaisuudessa, miten metsää käytetään ja miksi, joten heillä tulisi olla perustietoa metsästä ja yleisesti luonnonvarojen kestävästä käytöstä. Näiden seikkojen takia tämä tutkimus keskittyy kuvaamaan metsäopetuksen toteutusta peruskoulun luokilla 7-9 biologian opettajien näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksessa haastateltiin neljää yläkoulun biologian opettajaa, joiden vastausten pohjalta laadittiin kyselylomake. Kyselylomake jaettiin opettajien suosimissa ryhmissä sosiaalisessa mediassa sekä sähköpostitse muutamille opettajille. Haastatteluiden tuloksia analysoitiin tekstianalyysillä ja kyselyn tuloksia jakaumien sekä taulukoiden avulla. Kyselyn tuloksia ei analysoitu tilastollisin menetelmin, koska vastauksia tuli niin pieni määrä. Tutkimuksen haastatteluiden ja kyselyn tulokset mukailivat toisiaan. Metsäopetus tapahtuu lähinnä kahdeksannen luokan biologian oppiaineessa. Metsäaiheita opetetaan metsässä joskus, mutta opetusta haluttaisiin järjestää enemmän metsässä. Ulkona opettamiseen vaikuttaa ainakin koulun etäisyys metsästä, aikarajoitteet, lukujärjestyksen joustamattomuus sekä rahoituksen puute. Samat rajoittavat tekijät nousivat esille myös metsätapahtumiin osallistumisessa sekä oman metsäpäivän järjestämisessä. Mikäli metsätapahtumiin pystyy osallistumaan, niiltä toivottiin elämyksellisyyttä ja toiminnallisuutta. Tulokset osoittavat, että metsäopetuksen keskeisiä teemoja ovat lajintunnistus, metsän ekosysteemi, metsätyypit sekä kasvupaikkatekijät. Metsäteollisuuden ja metsätalouden aiheet jätetään vähemmälle huomiolle, mikäli kohdataan aikarajoitteita. Koulun ulkopuolisia asiantuntijoita sekä metsäalan asiantuntijoita hyödynnetään harvoin, mutta monipuolista asiantuntijuutta kuitenkin kaivattiin, erityisesti metsätalouden ja metsien kestävän käytön, metsäteollisuuden ja sen tuotteiden, riistanhoidon, biotalouden ja kiertotalouden osa-alueisiin. Asiantuntijoita ei käytetä, koska aikaa ei ole tarpeeksi, koska ammattilaisia ei löydetä tai koska hyöty on koettu liian pieneksi. Yhteistyö metsäalan toimijoiden kanssa on lähinnä yhdistys- ja järjestöpainotteista, mutta myös metsäalan yrityksiä käytetään jonkin verran. Yhteistyö keskittyi lähinnä Metsävisaan, vierailijaluentoihin sekä erilaisiin metsäpäiviin tai tapahtumiin. Koulun ulkopuoliselta yhteistyöltä toivottiin pääasiassa vierailuja yrityksiin sekä metsään. Opettajat pitivät yleisesti metsäopetusta tärkeänä, mutta nykyisen metsäopetuksen ei koettu tukevan moniarvoisen metsäsuhteen rakentamista kovinkaan hyvin. Uuden opetussuunnitelman mukaisia monialaisia oppimiskokonaisuuksia koettiin kuitenkin voivan hyödyntää metsäopetuksessa hyvin. Ainerajoja ylittävää opetusta ei kuitenkaan ole hyödynnetty kovinkaan paljon, vaikka suurin osa haluaisi hyödyntää sitä enemmän. Tutkimustuloksia ei voida pitää tilastollisesti merkitsevinä johtuen pienestä otoskoosta. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan kuitenkin olettaa, että nykyisessä metsäopetuksessa on puutteita, joita korjaamalla monipuolisemman metsäsuhteen rakentaminen yläkoulussa voisi olla mahdollista.
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(2020)Suomessa metsäsijoittamisen suosio on vähäistä verrattuna muihin sijoitusinstrumentteihin. Sen suosio voi tulevaisuudessa kasvaa, sillä tulevaisuuden metsänomistajat ovat arvoiltaan ja tavoitteiltaan aiempaa monimuotoisempia. Suoran metsäsijoittamisen taustalla on usein vaikuttamassa taloudellisten arvojen lisäksi muut arvot, kuten luonto- ja virkistysarvot sekä yleinen kiinnostuneisuus metsätaloudesta. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, kuinka metsäsijoittajan metsätilan ostopäätösprosessi muodostuu ja mitkä taustatekijät siihen vaikuttavat ja mitkä eivät. Teoreettisen viitekehyksen muodostavat kuluttajan ostopäätösprosessiin ja kuluttajakäyttäytymiseen liittyvät teoriat. Lisäksi teoriaosuudessa käsitellään sijoittajan päätöksentekoa keskittyen käyttäytymisperustaiseen rahoitusteoriaan ja sijoittajan päätöksenteon rakentumiseen. Puhuttaessa metsäsijoittamisesta teoriaosuudessa käydään läpi lisäksi metsäsijoittamisen yleispiirteitä Suomessa ja siihen liittyviä tämän tutkimuksen kannalta oleellisia riskejä. Tämä tutkimus toteutettiin kvalitatiivisena tutkimuksena, jossa haastateltiin 16 metsäsijoittajaa ja 3 sijoittajaa, joilla ei ollut kokemusta metsäsijoittamisesta. Empiirinen aineisto kerättiin puhelinhaastatteluina käyttäen puolistrukturoitua teemahaastattelua. Aineistot litteroitiin sanatarkasti, jonka jälkeen aineisto analysoitiin teemoittelua ja tyypittelyä hyödyntäen. Tämä tutkimus osoitti, että metsäsijoittajan ostopäätösprosessi on hyvin pitkä, sisältäen suurena investointina tyypillisesti kaikki ostopäätösprosessin viisi vaihetta. Ensimmäisessä kolmessa vaiheessa voimakkaimmin vaikuttavat kuluttajakäyttäytymisen taustatekijöistä sosiaaliset ja psykologiset taustatekijät, minkä jälkeen ostopäätöksen aiheuttaa yleensä elämänmuutos ja jonkin demografisen tekijän muuttuminen. Referenssiryhmistä merkittävimpiä ovat kiinnostuksen heräämisen vaiheessa lapsuusajan perhe. Referenssiryhmät vaikuttavat merkittävästi kuitenkin läpi koko prosessin ajan, korostetusti informaation keräämisen ja vaihtoehtojen vertailun vaiheessa.
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(2019)This thesis examined the views and assessment methods of profitability in forestry used by the Finnish private forest owners and analysed the differences in these in relation to the theory of forest economics. The study provides in-depth and analytically generalized information on the phenomenon. The data were collected in the spring of 2019 and consists of 52 responses to a semi-structured survey sent to private forest owners. This is an extensive and collective case study based on a mixed methods design. The key findings include an in-depth description of the phenomenon and a typology of the assessment methods for profitability. To explain the phenomenon, the csQCA-technique based on Boolean algebra was used. Some multiple conjunctural causations were identified concerning the assessment of relative profitability and the lack of the assessment of profitability. The thesis provides also information on the effects of non-market values on the phenomenon.
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(2016)The purpose of the act on the financing of sustainable forestry (Kemera-law) is to advance economically, ecologically and socially sustainable silviculture and use of the forests. A private forest owner may receive financial support from the State for forest management, forest improvement work and for nature management. The purpose of this thesis was to find out the factors affecting the private forest owners’ participation in the Kemera cost sharing program and are there differences between forest owners’ objectives in forest ownership and opinions about Kemera-subsidies depending on the participation in the cost sharing program. The data used in this thesis is from a survey that was implemented in the spring of 2016 as a part of a project in Tapio Oy. Also additional information from The Finnish Forest Centre was used in the regression analysis. The factors affecting the use of Kemera-subsidy was analyzed with logistic regression. The differences in the forest ownership objectives and in the opinions about the Kemera-subsidy depending on the participation to the Kemera cost sharing program were determined by descriptive analysis. With the used factors, the regression analysis did not succeed in making a model that would successfully predict the participation to the cost sharing program. However, the results implied that the factors positively affecting the participation to the cost sharing program were forested area owned, forest owners’ self-determined activity and use of external services in forest. The differences between the forest owners’ objectives depending on the participation in the cost sharing program imply that the participants did not value the non-monetary values less than those who had not participated in the cost sharing program, but they did value monetary values more. The average opinions about Kemera-subsidy did not vary much depending on the participation to the cost sharing program. Those who had participated in the cost sharing program in the last 10 years were a little more satisfied about the Kemera-subsidies. The majority thought that the best incentive in the Kemera-subsidy is the gained benefit in the future. The most common reason not to participate in the cost sharing program was the challenging applying.
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(2020)This study introduces a new policy instrument called Forest conservation tax deduction. Finnish Forest Industries Federation (FFIF) has presented the Forest conservation tax deduction at the idea level. The aim of the Forest conservation tax deduction would be to encourage forest owners to voluntarily conserve applicable parts of their forests for a fixed duration in exchange for compensation. Compensation for forest conservation comes in the form of a tax deduction that can only be taken out from taxes directed at forestry capital income. In this way, the instrument could work as an encouragement to increase wood supply to the market and simultaneously placing important natural sites under conservation. There is no policy instrument in Finland that would increase conservation and at the same time secure access to wood for industrial use at the time of writing this thesis. The purpose of this thesis is to present and further develop the new Forest conservation tax deduction on the basis of the proposal of the FFIF in more detail and to clarify the content of the policy instrument. The thesis examines, among other things: whether there is a need for a new instrument, whether it is legally feasible and how the instrument would work. The material for this thesis consists of the instruments and legislation currently in use. The material used is the de minimis regulation, environmental support aid of the Temporary Act on the Financing of Sustainable Forestry and forest gift tax deduction. The new instrument is based on the instruments currently in use and the research method is to present the operation of the new instrument through the application of the instruments currently in use. The current environmental support aid for voluntary temporary protection suffers from an under-budget and low human resources. Monitoring the effectiveness of this policy has also shown that the forest owners have often conserved a target area without compensation. For these reasons, it is important to assess whether the current instrument achieves its objectives in a cost-effective way for the society. In addition, the legislation of the current instrument is temporary and will require the approval of the European Commission after the end of its term. Forest conservation tax deduction is proposed to be a permanent and continuous form of preservation regulation. This instrument could also be used in future to ease safeguarding forest species in need of temporary protection. The instrument is proposed to be based on a de minimis regulation which consecutively does not need to be approved by the European Commission. This in turn would reduce the amount of bureaucracy involved. The Forest conservation tax deduction is a legally feasible instrument. This thesis demonstrates that Forest conservation tax deduction is a potential policy instrument for temporary protection. However, the introduction of the instrument as an active regulation would require further study, as the instrument and its operation are considered only at a general level. The details of the tax aid are left largely open and therefore require further work. The thesis has not examined the cost-effectiveness of the new instrument and therefore does not compare this aspect to the current active instrument. The thesis also does not examine how Forest conservation tax deduction as a policy instrument affects the timber trade and forest protection. These should be taken into account in future study. A regional experiment would also provide a better understanding of forest owners' attitudes towards the instrument.
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(2020)The use of biofuels has been considered as a carbon neutral activity. It is based to the assumption that after harvest grows new forest that sequester the carbon that was released earlier. In that case the new forest should grow very fast. The time frame between release and sequestration is however many decades. Also using forest biomass in energy production decreases forest carbon stock. There are numerous researches done of this subject that are natural science that haven’t taken in account the economic side. My aim is to examine and compare the studies with and without the economic point of view. The method is literature survey and comparison of practices in economics and natural science to study carbon neutrality in the use of forest resources. The literature of this subject are multidisclipinary and I have tried to separate economic studies from others according to most relevant analyses and theoretical framework. In the studies there were wide consenus that use of forest resources can’t be considered as a carbon neutral activity. Also there were solid consensus that carbon sequestration increases as forests grow, thus longer rotation period increases carbon sequestration. The studies of natural science was focused among other things for payback times and climate warming. In economics the studies focused for example political management instruments like tax and subsidies. It’s necessary to include economics to the studies because they give more realistic results and guidelines to politics. Without economic aspect it’s hard to make plausible statements to political decisions. The studies of natural science are yet beneficial although they wont alone help for making political decisions. Both economic and natural scientific studies can use information over the branch of science. That’s why it is important to adapt analysis and information to support studies in own branch of science.
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(2017)Metsien käyttöön kohdistuu kasvavia ja keskenään ristiriitaisia käyttöpaineita, jotka liittyvät metsien rooleihin niin virkis-tys- kuin puuntuotantokäytössä, hiilinieluina ja -varastoina, monimuotoisuuden ylläpitäjinä ja fossiilisten luonnonvaro-jen substituuttina. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten metsien puutuotannollisen käytön lisääminen oikeutetaan julkisessa keskustelussa Suomessa ja miten metsien käytön monipuolistuminen näkyy siinä. Käytetty tutkimusmenetelmä on diskurssianalyysi, jolla analysoidaan miten ja millaisiin diskursseihin tukeutuen metsien puuntuotantokäytön lisääminen oikeutetaan Helsingin Sanomien yleisönosastopalstalla julkaistuissa kirjoituksissa. Diskurssien löytämisen apuna analysoidaan aineistossa käytettyjä faktuaalistamisstrategioita ja retorisia keinoja. Aineistosta löytyi kolme diskurssia: hegemoninen metsäteollisuuden kilpailukykydiskurssi ja sitä tukevat kansallinen mahdollisuus -diskurssi ja ilmastouhkadiskurssi. Metsien hakkuiden lisäämisen oikeutus perustuu osittain Suomen met-sän käytön historiaan ja osittain kehykseen, jossa uudempia metsien rooleja ilmastonmuutoksen hillinnässä ja fossiilis-ten luonnonvarojen korvaajana tarkastellaan perinteisen puuntuotannon näkökulmasta. Argumentoinnissa metsien hakkuiden lisäämiseen puolesta pyritään uusintamaan vanhaa tuotantopainotteista metsäpolitiikkaa ja mahdolliset met-sänkäyttöön liittyvät konfliktit tulevat sivutetuiksi.
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(2018)The emergence of service and experience economy has been described as a response to the development of technology, influence of demanding consumers and the challenges of tightened competitive environment. Successful companies are characterized by the capability of providing unique, memorable and emotional customer experiences. Service design and customer experience management provide tools for combining technologies, customers and experiences into one total customer experience. The purpose of this study is to clarify the possibilities of utilizing mixed reality (MR) in the timber trade and forest management services of a forest industry company. More specifically, the research question is, what is the role of human interaction in service encounter, how the different elements of customer experience management influence the customer experience, customer learning, brand image and behavioral intentions, and are there differences in responses between different forest owner groups. The research method combines both qualitative and quantitative methods, commonly known as mixed research method. The research was conducted as a controlled experiment in which the form of tutoring was manipulated in two treatments: face-to-face tutoring and digital tutoring. The data was collected using quantitative questionnaire and qualitative interview. The results suggest that timber trade and forest management services organized in the virtual forest influence positively customer experience, brand image, willingness-to-recommend and willingness to participate in developing the service. Learning was perceived relatively low but the service was perceived useful for managing forest property. The most benefits were perceived by forest owners whose forests were small-sized or relatively close to their place of residence. No significant differences between face-to-face and digital tutoring were observed. However, overall, face-to-face tutoring had more positive impact on brand image while in digital tutoring learning and perceived benefits were strengthened. The role of the customer service personnel is especially heightened in providing support for those forest owners who rarely manage their forests.
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(2014)The Master’s thesis provides a multiregional equilibrium analysis on the Russian sawmill market. The main objective of the thesis is to establish a partial equilibrium model on the Russian sawmill market and define the amount by which production, consumption, imports, exports, prices for roundwood and sawnwood may change over a period of time as a response to the following external factors: economic growth, changes in tariffs for roundwood after Russia’s accession to WTO, exchange rates, increased supply of the Russian sawlog, increased consumer preference for sawnwood in Russian and EU. The model includes 20 Russian regions and 5 export regions. The base year of the model is 2009. The partial equilibrium model has been constructed using GAMS software. After establishing an equilibrium model of supply and demand, 9 scenario variations have been run to answer the research questions. The results suggest that increased demand in CIS and China has a positive impact on the Russian sawnwood production. Increased supply of sawlogs in Russia could reduce prices for raw material on the local market and stimulate production of sawnwood in Russia. Changed consumer preference towards sawnwood could also stipulate the development of the sawmill sector, which highlights the importance of national programs to promote wood in construction. However, it was discovered that introduction of export tariffs for sawlogs does not stipulate production of sawnwood in Russia substantially, but reduces prices for sawnwood on the domestic market and decreases harvest of sawlogs. Increased dollar rate against ruble improves the profitability of the sawmill industry. However, devaluation of ruble may also lead to lower incomes of the Russian population in comparison to the EU and the US.
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