Browsing by Subject "lääkeinformaatio"
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(2016)The aged are the biggest age group of using psychotropics. The most used ones of these drugs are hypnotic and sedatives that consists mainly of benzodiazepines and related drugs. However, the aged are extremely sensitive for these drugs that are also noted as potentially inappropriate drugs for the aged in the national, but also in the various international recommendations and care guidelines. Despite the care guidelines, benzodiazepine compounds are usually used for years and often concomitantly. Research material of this longitudinal, observational study with two cohorts was collected from structured interviews at two similar acute wards in Pori City Hospital during one month in 2015. The research protocol of an early similar study which was conducted in 2004 was followed. Results of the two studies (2004 and 2015) were compared. Interviews were conducted among patients aged ≥ 65 years. Users of benzodiazepines or related drugs (2004: n=38, 2015: n=32) were further interviewed. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of the usage of benzodiazepine compounds in the aged between the years 2004 and 2015. In particular the medicines information sources and amount of information on these drugs i.e. knowledge on adverse drug reactions was studied and compared. Additionally a systematic review was conducted to explore the current evidence on interventions to rationalize the use of benzodiazepines and related drugs in the aged. In 2004, 54% of the interviewed patients (n=64) were using benzodiazepine compounds. However, in 2015 there were 34% (n=36) using. In 2015 regular usage of these drugs was decreased and irregular usage (given on an as-needed basis) was increased compared to the year 2004. None of the patients used long-acting benzodiazepines in 2015. Medicines information is provided notably more by doctors and pharmacies to 2004, but still the information focused more on benefits of drug other than adverse drug reactions. However, the patients' knowledge about the adverse drug reactions of benzodiazepine compounds has increased. The patients got presented adverse drug reactions known on mean of five in the year 2015, while the same value in 2004 was three. In the both years, the most of the patients were aware of the dependence these drugs may cause. The usage of benzodiazepine and related drugs in the aged has become better, but there is still need to improve multi-professional cooperation and applicate new interventions for rationalize the usage of benzodiazepinecompounds.
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(2014)The body changes its response to medicine by age. Thus, medicines information for the elderly needs to differ from information targeted to younger adults. Package leaflets (PLs) are among the key sources of medicines information among general public. Although not generally recommended, benzodiazepines are commonly used by the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usability of benzodiazepine PLs and their information content from the elderly perspective. Additionally, the study aimed to explore how medicines information targeted to elderly in PLs aligns with the information targeted to health care professionals (HCPs). The study focused on PLs of benzodiazepines and their derivatives (diazepam, alprazolam, oxazepam, zopiclone and temazepam) that are commonly used but not recommended for the elderly. The usability of PLs was evaluated by using the Medication Information Design Assessment Scale (MIDAS). The informational content of PLs was studied by identifying all references for the elderly and comparing them to information targeted to HCPs in Database of medication for the elderly, Beer's criteria, Kapseli 35 publication, Martindale, Current Care Guideline for insomnia and the Summaries of Product Characteristics. The usability of the PLs in this study required several improvements. The mean of MIDAS-credits was 6,22 (n = 27; range 5,00-7,00), the scale maximum being 13. Sufficient line spacing and highlighting of important information were among the poorly represented elements. The occurrence of different font-sizes also varied. The most proficiently represented features included headings, contrast and the usage of upper and lower case in text. The PLs included in the content-analysis contained references to the elderly in all cases except one (n = 35). The references were categorized to general warnings, side effects and dose recommendations. They were in line with the information targeted to HCPs, but relatively short and often inadequate. Most PLs did not give an adequate overall picture of the medicine use among the elderly. The PLs for benzodiazepines need to be improved from the elderly perspective both in terms of information content and usability. Attention both from the medicine authorities and the pharmaceutical industry is required. Alternatively, separate drug-specific information leaflets for the elderly may be developed.
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(2012)The medicines information and counseling given by health care professionals are essential in supporting patients' medication therapy. Given that medication therapies are often associated with medicine-related problems among the elderly, proper knowledge on medicines and their use is especially important for this particular patient group. Benzodiazepines and related drugs are of special concern in the elderly. Despite the current care guidelines, they are commonly used by the elderly, often also regularly and long-term basis. Benzodiazepines and related drugs are associated with multiple potential adverse drug reactions that their elderly users should be aware of. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge on medications, and needs and sources of medicines information on benzodiazepines and related drugs in the elderly. Especially, medicines information related to benefits and adverse drug reactions was studied. Additionally, data on use and subjective experiences of benzodiazepines or related drugs in the elderly were explored. Structured interviews were conducted among patients aged 65 years and using benzodiazepines or related drugs (n = 38) in acute wards (n = 2) of Pori City Hospital in 2004. Elderly patients reported that the package leaflet was the main source of medicines information on benefits and adverse drug reactions relating to medicines they used. The physician was reported as a second source after the package leaflet. More than 50 percent of the elderly (n = 20) had not received information about the benefits or adverse drug reactions of benzodiazepines from their health care providers or relatives. The information received had merely focused on benefits of drug than adverse drug reactions. Most commonly the elderly (61 %, n = 23) knew, that the use of benzodiazepines can cause drug dependence. Least commonly, they were aware that benzodiazepines can cause muscular weakness, depression and falling over. Eight elderly were not aware of any asked adverse drug reactions and nearly two thirds of the patients (63 %, n = 24) knew less than four adverse drug reactions out of eleven. The results indicate that elderly patients are not well aware of the effects of benzodiazepines and related drugs they use. Additionally, they may more often receive information from the package leaflet than health care professionals. Physicians and other health care professionals should pay more attention to counseling elderly patients especially about the benefits and adverse drug reactions of benzodiazepines and related drugs.
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(2013)The status of herbal products has changed over time and due to changes in medicines legislation in Finland. The study period starts from 1964, when marketing authorisation procedure became obligatory for medicinal products. In 1994 medicines regulation introduced the term "herbal remedy" and in 2005 the terms "herbal medicinal product" and "traditional herbal medicinal product". In recent years there has been an increasing interest in medicines information regarding children. For example in 2007 a new paediatric medicines regulation was given by the EU. In Finland a new medicines information strategy was published in 2012 by the Finnish Medicines Agency. The aim of this study was to find out how the medicines information of herbal products regarding children has changed over time and changes in legislation. The material of this study were the documents of herbal products under medicines regulation in Finland 1964 - 2012. The information was gathered from summary of product characteristics, package leaflets, labellings and their predecessors. In total there were 195 products of which 189 had relevant documents for this study. The method of this study was content analysis. The information was collected from the documents to data sheets. The analysis was based on the legislative periods. Medicines information has become more accurate during the study period 1964 - 2012. Information was less accurate between years 1988 and 1995. The amount of medicines information has increased after the term "herbal remedy" and terms "herbal medicinal product" and "traditional herbal medicinal product" were introduced. Some of the changes in medicines information could be tracked to specific regulatory changes. The study gives historical perspective on the changes in medicines information of herbal products in Finland. It is clear that the legislative changes have limited effect on medicines information, if the amount of paediatric scientific studies is not increased. In the future there is a need to study the prevalence of the use of herbal medicinal products and traditional herbal medicinal products in children and in other population groups. There is also a need to study how the medicine information differs in herbal medicinal products and traditional herbal medicinal products and what are the differences compared to the information on dietary supplements.
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Lääkeinformaation koordinaation tarve Suomessa : kansallisen lääkeinformaatiostrategian valmistelu (2012)Medicine information is an important part of a medicine and public health service. Medicine information it is tightly connected to many different functions of the medicine field and can be reviewed from several perspectives. Medicine counseling has been developed especially in the pharmacy sector but the development projects of medicine information which include the whole public health service have not been done before. According to the government proposal (74/2009) Finnish Medical Agency (Fimea), has created the national medicine information strategy which was published in February 2012. This study was conducted in order to gather background information for developing the national medicine information strategy. The aim of the study was to clarify the role of the medicine information producing quarters and the perceptions of co-ordination of operation as well as good practices, challenges and opportunities in medicine information. The material of the study consists of 29 interviews among key stakeholders. Interviews were conducted between March and September in 2011. Interviewees represented pharmaceutical industry, hospital and community pharmacies, authorities, patient organizations, education units and professional associations in the fields of medicine, nursing and pharmacy. Inductive content analysis with counting was used to analyze the qualitative data. The stakeholders brought out different sources of information (n=18) and examples of the successful forms and projects of cooperation (n=14) as good practices. According to the stakeholders, multi professional cooperation should be improved and increased in the medicine information field (n=19). The medicine information operation in public and hospital sector should be developed for example trough department pharmacy in hospitals (n=17). The information supply and skills of the health professionals are defective (n=16) and those could be improved by developing education (n=17). The medicine information targeted at consumers should be uniform regardless of the source and counseling should be individually tailored (n=15). The stakeholders told that they are cooperating with different quarters in medicine information field. The stakeholders reviewed medicine information strongly from their own point of view and they were not aware of what other quarters are doing. Medicine information operation needs both national and local co-ordination and by increasing and developing multi professional cooperation and networking, available resources and skills of quarters could be used more effectively. More reliable, balanced and individually tailored medicine information is needed. The base of good medicine information is a strong theory base and skills of health professionals so notice should be taken to the education so that it would meet the demands of the working life also in medicine information field. Consumers need tailored medicine information which should be uniform regardless of from which health unit it is given.
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(2012)Herbal preparations are widely used nowadays and the information given has developed a lot during the last decades. Herbal preparations haven`t been acknowledged as medicines and therefore their efficacy and adverse effects are still often underrated. In 2005 along the changes in legislation differently legislated group of herbal preparations was retired. Nowadays herbal preparations are divided to drugs and food products. The aim of the study was to make oneself familiar with the legislation of these products and the evolution of the pharmaceutical information given. The aim also was to compare warnings, prohibitions, contraindications and their evolution to prevalent legislation. The material of the study consisted of product information summaries, patient information leaflets and labeling of herbal medicines, traditional herbal medicines and their predecessors. In addition to this there was also other legislative material. Only herbal medicines and traditional herbal medicines according to directive 2004/24/EY of the European parliament and the council`s definition were taken in to account. According to 2004/24/EY herbal medicinal products is any medicinal product, exclusively containing as active ingredients one or more herbal substances or one or more herbal preparations, or one or more such herbal substances in combination with one or more such herbal preparations. There were all together 194 products included in the study. Documentation of 184 products was found on paper in Fimea`s archives. Of the remaining five out of ten products it was found some basic information in electronic rohdos-register and of one product on an on paper final act. Data of these six products was only used partly because of its deficiencies. The data of four products wasn`t found. Under a more detailed study there was all together 184 products between 1964 and 2011. The material was divided to time periods 1964 - 1983, 1984 - 1987, 1988 - 1995, 1996 - 2005 and 2006 - 2011 by the changes in legislation. The information given of herbal preparations was the most affected by the changes in legislation in 1994 and 2005. The amount of new licenses was increasing until the time period 1988 - 1995. Licenses were granted the most during 1988 - 1955. After 1996 the amount of warnings, prohibitions and contraindications rose and many of the products that got the license in previous time period 1966 - 1955 left the market or transferred under the food legislation. As well many products with less consumption left the market because new studies demanded were expensive and cumbersome. In 2005 along the changes in legislation a clear change in attitudes came true, when a vague group of herbal preparations was removed and herbal preparations were divided into pharmaceuticals and food products. Along this change it has become easier for health care professionals to assess the risks and benefits of herbal preparations and advise the clients while making the decisions.
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(2016)Healthcare professionals in patient care, including practical nurses, need medicines in-formation in their work. One strategic goal in national Medicines Information Strategy in Finland is to make sure, that healthcare professionals use reliable information sources and services. One part of the national medicines information network in Finland is work-ing group on medicines information for healthcare professionals. It's central aim is to advance availability of reliable medicines information in different environments in social- and healthcare. Objective of this study was to explore medicines information sources and needs among practical nurses. This study concentrated on practical nurses who work in atypical areas of medical care (for example at school and day care), homecare and social care and were members of The Finnish Union of Practical Nurses. Survey was made in co-operation by working group on medicines information for healthcare professionals and The Finnish Union of Practical Nurses. The survey was carried out in December 2013 - January 2014 by e-mail. The random sample consisted of 1 000 practical nurses. The material was analyzed using direct distributions, cross tabulation, Kruskal-Wallis -test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Open ended questions were analyzed by qualitative methods. The response rate was 67 (n = 666). The most commonly utilized medicines information among practical nurses were package leaflets (PL) and medical database Terveysportti. Those sources were also the most preferred ones. Practical nurses reported they would like to have additional medicines information about drug-drug interactions (86 %) and adverse effects (63 %). Information was also needed about generic drugs. The majority of practical nurses in this study were satisfied with current medicines information sources. Additional information about pharmacological treatment was needed by respondents, 14 % daily and 31 % weekly. 82 % of respondents would benefit from pharmacy's services in their work. 64 % of practical nurses had always or usually and 28 % had never mobile device for information seeking. 73 % of practical nurses took part in education concerning pharmacological care less than once in one to two years. Package leaflets and Terveysportti were the most commonly utilized and preferred medicines information sources. There is still need for detailed information about practical nurses' medicines information sources in various working environments.
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(2012)ommunity pharmacies and medicines information centers increasingly provide e-mail medication counseling services to consumers and health care professionals. As e-mail medication counseling services are fairly new type of pharmaceutical service, only little is known about the use and users of these services, content of e-mail enquiries and quality of these services. Objective of this study was to analyze utilization of e-mail medication counseling services in the University Pharmacy. The special focus was on e-mail enquiries concerning human and veterinary medicines and health issues. All e-mail enquiries sent to the University Pharmacy Medicines Information Center in 2009 and 2010 were recorded by using a structured data collection instrument and content-analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The total numbers of e-mail enquiries were 3 376. Of those 383 (11 %) were related to human medicines, 45 (1 %) to health and diseases and 33 (1 %) veterinary medicines. The majority of e-mail enquiries (72 %) were come via web page of the University Pharmacy. Of the human medicines related e-mail enquiries 92 % were sent by consumers and 65 % by woman. The most commonly e-mail enquiries concerned sleeping pills (5 %), antiepileptics (3 %), cholesterol medicines (3 %) and virus vaccines (3 %). E-mail enquiries fell commonly into the categories of availability (28 %), cost and reimbursements questions (13 %), medicines interactions (11 %) and adverse effects (5 %). Some background information was missing from e-mail enquiries, for example user of medicine (39 %), gender of medicine user (50 %) or age of medicine user (94 %). However, only part (3 %) of e-mail enquiries were sent adjunct questions. After improvement of usability and quality of e-mail medication counseling services response rapidity was increased in the University Pharmacy. Consumers appear to have medicines-related information needs. Additionally they are actively using e-mail services for multiple functions. However, the use of these services for medicines information is still fairly uncommon. The results of this study can be utilized when designing and developing e-mail medication counseling services in community pharmacies, medicines information centers and online pharmacy services. Additionally they can be utilized in pharmacy education in universities and in continuing education. More information is needed about the quality of pharmacists' responses and consumers' needs, experiences and perceptions on e-mail medication counseling services.
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(2009)Stakes ja Lääkehoidon kehittämiskeskus määrittelevät lääkitysturvallisuuden lääkkeiden käyttöön liittyväksi turvallisuudeksi, joka voi vaarantua missä tahansa lääkehoidon vaiheessa. Yksi lääkitysturvallisuuteen vaikuttava lääkehoidon osa-alue on lääkeneuvonta. Koska lääkkeitä käytetään ammattilaisilta saatujen ohjeiden perusteella, on lääkeneuvonnan kehittäminen tärkeää. Lääketietouden lisäämisen ohella lääkeneuvonnalla voidaan vaikuttaa lääkkeiden käyttäjien asenteisiin. Lapsen lääkitykseen kohdistuva lääkeneuvonta on haasteellista, sillä huomio täytyy kiinnittää sekä lapseen että vanhempiin. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin sairaalasta kotiutettavan lapsipotilaan lääkeneuvonnan sisältöä ja kehitystarpeita sekä lääkeneuvonnan toteuttamiseen vaikuttavia asioita. Lisäksi tutkimuksen avulla selvitettiin vanhemmille kotiutuksen jälkeen ongelmallisia lääkehoitoon liittyviä asioita. Tutkimusaineistona käytettiin HUS:n Lastenklinikalla työskentelevien sairaanhoitajien teemahaastatteluja. Toisena aineistona käytettiin vanhempien osastolle soittamia, lasten kotiutuksen jälkeistä lääkehoitoa koskevia puheluita. Aineiston keräys tapahtui hoitajien avulla heidän kirjatessaan tarkoitusta varten muodostettuun lomakkeeseen ylös ne lääkehoitoa koskevat kysymykset, joita vanhemmat soittavat osastoille kotiutuksen jälkeen. Keräykseen osallistuivat HUS:n infektio-osaston, lastentautien osaston ja munuais- ja elinsiirto-osaston hoitajat. Syyskuun 2009 aikana suoritettuihin teemahaastatteluihin osallistui 10 infektio-osaston sairaanhoitajaa. Kuten aiemmissakin tutkimuksissa on todettu, sairaanhoitajilla on suuri vastuu sairaalassa annettavasta lääkeneuvonnasta. Tutkimustulosten mukaan sairaanhoitajat pyrkivät kattavaan lääkeneuvontaan. He painottavat erityisesti perheen pärjäämistä kotona havainnollistamalla antamaansa neuvontaa kirjallisen materiaalin ja antotekniikkaan liittyvän opetuksen avulla, sekä kiinnittämällä huomiota perheen asenteisiin lääkehoitoa kohtaan. Esteinä lääkeneuvonnan toteuttamiselle koettiin sekä vanhempien että hoitajien kiire, joidenkin vanhempien vääränlainen asenne, hoitajien ja vanhempien kielimuurista johtuvat kommunikaatio-ongelmat, neuvontatilan rauhattomuus sekä hoitajille suunnattujen yhteisten ohjeistuksien puute. Lääkeneuvontaan liittyviksi kehityskohteiksi nousivat sekä vanhemmille että hoitajille suunnatut kirjalliset ohjeet, lääkkeisiin liittyvä lisäkoulutus, neuvonnan ajoitus, neuvontatila ja osastofarmaseutin osallistuminen neuvontaan. Kahden kuukauden tutkimusjakson aikana loka-marraskuussa 2009 kirjattiin osastoilla yhteensä 26 kotiutetun potilaan lääkehoitoa koskenutta puhelua. Infektio-osastolle tulleet yhteydenotot (n=7) koskivat pääasiassa lääkkeen annosteluaikoja ja kuurin tarkkaa kestoa. Yksi puhelu koski haittavaikutuksen ilmaantumista ja yksi antotekniikkaa. Lastentautien osastolle tulleista puheluista (n=11) kymmenen koski insuliinien annostusten muuttamista verensokeriarvojen korjaamiseksi. Munuais- ja elinsiirto-osastolle vanhemmat soittivat yleensä kysyäkseen annosteluun liittyviä erityisasioita, kuten annostelua oksennuksen, väärän lääkkeenantoajan ja yliannoksen jälkeen.Munuais- ja elinsiirto-osastolla puheluita kirjattiin yhteensä kahdeksan. Tutkimuksen mukaan hoitajien antama lääkeneuvonta on perusteellista. Lääkehoitoon liittyviä asioita jää kuitenkin vanhemmille epäselväksi, vaikka huomiota kiinnitetään niihin asioihin, joissa vanhemmat tarvitsevat eniten tukea. Osastoille kehitetyn lääkeneuvontamallin tarkoitus on auttaa hoitajia lääkeneuvonnan toteutuksessa, mutta huomionarvoista olisi myös osastofarmaseutin mahdollisuus osallistua neuvontatilanteeseen. Jatkotutkimuksissa olisi hyvä selvittää, millä tavalla neuvontamallia hyödynnetään neuvonnan toteuttamisessa. Erityisesti lapsille suunnattua lääkeneuvontaa on kehitettävä.
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(2010)It was given a task to the Finnish Medicines Agency (Fimea) to prepare a national Medicines Information Strategy. The strategy process can be divided into four stages: 1) the collection and analysis of the information, 2) the determination of the strategy and the vision, 3) the realization and 4) the follow-up stage of the strategy. In the European Union (EU) the High Level Pharmaceutical Forum has drawn up the criteria for the high quality medicines information (MI) and the recommendations to improve the quality and availability of the MI directed to the consumers. The most significant medicines related political actions in Finland in the 21st century are the Medicine policy 2010 -document, the strategies of the National Agency for Medicines and the TIPPA-project. The objective of the Master's thesis was to produce the information to Fimea's MI work. The electric questionnaire was drawn up in the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. After a pilot test, the questionnaire was sent by email to all national Medicines Authorities in EU (n=27) in November 2009. The purpose of the questionnaire was to find out 1) the significance of the medicine information in the national legislation, 2) the possible MI strategies and 3) the control mechanisms of the medicine information directed to the consumers. The medicines information strategies were found in the United Kingdom (UK), Italy and Germany. Furthermore, the strategy process was unfinished in four countries. In the strategy of the UK 25 concrete actions were presented during a three-year strategy period to improve the quality and availability of the MI and to improve the cooperation between public and private actors. The information and communication technology (ICT) was in the centre of the medicines information offered to the consumers. ICT was utilised by publishing Patient Information Leaflets in Internet and by developing medicines information web pages, digitally patient counseling services and quality certificates. The results of the survey can be utilised as a part of the Fimea's Medicines Information Strategy process. Further studies, for example an analysis of the interest groups, are needed before the preparation of the national strategy. Furthermore, experiences of the implementation of the strategy and the results reached in the UK should be clarified.
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