Browsing by Subject "yrittäjyys"

Aims. Previous research on entrepreneurial education has mainly been driven by economic interest. It has been based on quantitative approaches focusing on learning outcomes. Entrepreneurial competencies have been observed as learnable and teachable, although there has been contradictory evidence about effectiveness of entrepreneurial education. Process perspective on entrepreneurial education has left as a minor viewpoint. By now, researchers’ have recommended socio-constructive and experiential approaches to pedagogics. The objective of this study is to bring together previously separate research traditions on educational outcomes and process, introducing more profound picture of learning entrepreneurial competencies especially from the students’ perspective. Methods. The study was conducted by interviewing 18 fifth-year engineering students, who had started their studies on August 1, 2013. The interview invitations were targeted based on study register data for reaching participants from diverse backgrounds on entrepreneurial studies. The research instrument was built on directions of narrative research, critical incident technique and lifeline approach. The data were analyzed with content analysis combined with abductive reasoning and data quantification. Results and conclusions. Consistently with the previous studies, entrepreneurial competencies were shown possible to learn. All students recognized learning of business competencies. However, competencies needed in early-phase entrepreneurship were emphasized by students, who had accomplished several entrepreneurial courses. Results concerning learning process indicated that combining formal learning environments with elements of informal learning resulted as a wide spectrum of learned entrepreneurial competencies. Learning was located especially in problem-solving and project working environments where students co-worked in inter- or multidisciplinary groups. However, other than entrepreneurial courses did not directly support learning of entrepreneurial competencies. Thus, the findings set base for further actions in integrating the elements of entrepreneurial courses into project courses.

The freedom of choice has driven people to look deeper into their own identities, and researchers are more interested in the construction of identity due to changes in the society. Entrepreneurship is also identified in the Finnish government's new policy as a driver of the growth of the Finnish economy. This study examines the paths and professional identities of entrepreneurs who have studied education. The research questions were How do educationalists become entrepreneurs and What types of professional identities do entrepreneurs have? The study examines the construction of professional identities narratively through stories because stories are a natural way for humans to talk and tell about their lives. The theoretical framework concentrates on the various dimensions of identity, professional, entrepreneurial and narrative identity. Ten entrepreneurs holding a master's degree in education participated in the research. The data was collected in October 2015 with interviews and the transcribed interview data was analyzed by using a narrative approach. All interviewees were somewhat familiar with the concept of entrepreneurship before becoming entrepreneurs themselves by living in an entrepreneurial environment. Interactions with other entrepreneurs, the person's own attitudes and their history of being an entrepreneur were all major reasons behind the decision of becoming an entrepreneur. The firm was often founded as a solution to a problematic situation. These situations included having spare time, an obstacle for career development or a desire to develop, unemployment and the lack of a business idea. When talking about the present and the future, the entrepreneurs identified themselves as persistent, goal oriented, being sociable, willing to learn and enthusiastic about their work. Three types of professional identities were detected: Gyro Gearloose, Ambitious and Realistic. These features were not specifically linked to the professional field in which the entrepreneurs work. This shows that the entrepreneurial identity is strongly related to the professional identity of the entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills are recognized as an important asset in the transition phase of society that we are living in. The attitude climate in entrepreneurship education is mainly positive and has developed significantly over the past decades in Finland. The importance of entrepreneurship education as part of the Education Curriculum has been strengthened since the 1990s. Despite this, the role of entrepreneurship education in the everyday life of elementary schools is small. In my research, I wanted to find out why entrepreneurship education does not appear in basic education according to POPS (2014)? The goal of my research was to form an understanding of the current state of entrepreneurship education in basic education based on the views of entrepreneurship education experts, and thereby define measures that support the future of entrepreneurship education in basic education. I approached the research question through three sub-questions: "What kind of role does entrepreneurship education have for the individual and society?", "What kind of opportunities and challenges are associated with entrepreneurship education?" and "What kind of views do entrepreneurship education experts have about the future of entrepreneurship education in basic education?" My research was based on the theory of entrepreneurship education (e.g. Seikkula-Leino 2018, Lackéus 2017) and guidelines defining entrepreneurship education. The research was carried out as a qualitative case study by interviewing seven expert teachers of entrepreneurship education and was analyzed using content analysis methods. The research results showed that entrepreneurship education has a significant role for the individual and society. The main influencing factors of entrepreneurship education were the attitude climate, financial resources and the role of teachers. The most important challenges were the lack of teacher training and teachers' skills, as well as the school's marginal conditions and lack of resources for multidisciplinary learning that crosses subject boundaries. In their views, the experts criticized the division of subjects and knowledge-based nature of the current school and emphasized that the school should serve the student's interests more strongly than it currently does. As conclusions, POPS should provide a stronger backbone for entrepreneurship education than at present, which forms an integral learning path for basic education. POPS should strengthen its concreteness and clarity, as well as the importance of multidisciplinary and broad competence skills. So that in the future every student has equal opportunities to receive entrepreneurship education, the Board of Education must use financial resources and training to support the realization and implementation of POPS in elementary schools and university teacher training more strongly than at present. School curricula should include an annual calendar of entrepreneurship education, and the management should provide sufficient resources for teaching that crosses subject boundaries.

Aims. The purpose of this study is to describe how entrepreneurial women with children experience parenting. The theoretical background is based on the parenting role map (Helminen and Iso-Heiniemi, 1999), as well as the cultural aspects of motherhood (Berg, 2008). The point of view regarding entrepreneurship and parenting coordination is derived from a model (Salmi 2004c) with work and family, as the point where three fields intersect. The fields consist of working life and politics, family life and social policy, as well as the constructive processes of gender and equality politics. Experiences of parenting by self-employed women examined three broad thematic areas: parenting experience, entrepreneurship and parenting coordination, and parenting and entrepreneurship, as positioned in the careers of the interviewees. The main research questions are: 1. How is parenting experienced in the everyday life by female entrepreneurs with children? 2. What types of coping strategies and solutions have women entrepreneurs created to coordinate entrepreneurship and parenting? 3. How have parenthood and entrepreneurship positioned themselves in the life cycle of women entrepreneurs? Methods. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews involving eight 30 to 55-year-old female entrepreneurs in the Uusimaa region. In addition to the interview, the subjects produced their own life stories, where they recorded the important stages of family life and entrepreneurship. The data were analysed using content analysis. The experiences of self employed women were approached through phenomenological understanding without attempting to remove them from the general social context. Results and conclusions. The parenthood of self employed women parentage was purely gender based and expressed as maternity in their daily lives. The role of maternity appeared in their everyday care of children, household tasks, and basic needs. Closeness and presence were also strong factors. A safety net involving the grandparents was present. Also, use of time and bringing the child to the work were functions of the coordination solutions. The life stories of female entrepreneurs appeared as individual stories, with maternity as the common denominator. The use of time included exceptional creativity and resourcefulness in addressing the needs of the family. The way female entrepreneurs schedule their time in everyday life provides an interesting perspective in the discussion regarding coordination of work and family.

Work well-being is receiving a lot more attention on all individual, corporate and societal levels. Well-being at work is nowadays a hot topic in workplaces and many organizations have thereby started to invest in increasing work well-being and the prevention of feeling unwell. Small business entrepreneurs are a group whose well-being at work is not paid enough attention to. This thesis examines work well-being from a small business perspective. In the beginning of this thesis, special attention is paid to the scientific literature on well-being at work. The subject of matter will be approached from three different angles. At first, work well-being will be examined as a phenomenon, what definitions it gets and what concepts it contains. After this, work well-being will be looked at from the entrepreneur's point of view, which presents entrepreneurial typologies and entrepreneurship in social context. The third aspect of the review is the specialty of small business entrepreneur’s work. This examines the impact of the special features of everyday work on well-being. The research material for this thesis will be five interviews with small business entrepreneurs. The benefit of a theme interview is in its dialogical nature. All interviews were carried out anonymously and took place in a location requested by the interviewee. Methods of discourse analysis were used in the analysis of the interviews. The review focuses on small business entrepreneurs' descriptions of well-being at work and their way of creating reality. The analysis focuses on illustrating the small business entrepreneurs’ perspective on work well-being. The analysis consists of meaning systems that were determined according to what small business entrepreneurs saw as meaningful in terms of work well-being. Within the meaning systems, deeper attention will be paid to the ways entrepreneurs describe work well-being and how they define it. The point of view of the examination was the individuality and specialty of small business entrepreneurs. The everyday life of small business entrepreneurs differ a lot from fixed pay workers and therefore work well-being is seen as a very different phenomenon. The topics of importance for small entrepreneurs' well-being at work were autonomy, risk, responsibility and the opportunity to influence.